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The Role of Financial Accounting in Enhancing Transparency in Nigerian Public Universities: A Study of the University of Lagos

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Background of the Study

Transparency in financial management is critical for the effective functioning of public universities, particularly in Nigeria, where issues of mismanagement and corruption have often plagued the education sector. Financial accounting provides a systematic framework for recording, analyzing, and reporting financial transactions, thereby enhancing transparency and accountability.

The University of Lagos (UNILAG), as one of Nigeria’s premier public universities, handles significant financial resources through government funding, tuition fees, and donor contributions. However, the institution faces challenges in maintaining transparency in its financial dealings, which has implications for stakeholder trust and institutional credibility. Financial accounting practices can play a pivotal role in addressing these issues by ensuring accurate reporting and compliance with regulatory standards (Ajayi & Okonkwo, 2023).

This study examines the role of financial accounting in promoting transparency in Nigerian public universities, focusing on UNILAG as a case study.

Statement of the Problem

Transparency in financial management is essential for fostering trust and accountability in public universities. However, Nigerian public universities, including the University of Lagos, have been criticized for opaque financial practices, leading to allegations of mismanagement and corruption. These challenges have raised concerns among stakeholders, including students, staff, and funding agencies.

Despite regulatory frameworks and guidelines for financial reporting, the implementation of effective accounting practices remains inconsistent. The lack of transparency affects decision-making, resource allocation, and the overall reputation of public universities. This study investigates how financial accounting practices at UNILAG contribute to transparency and identifies areas for improvement (Eze & Adekunle, 2024).

Objectives of the Study

  1. To evaluate the role of financial accounting in enhancing transparency at the University of Lagos.

  2. To identify challenges affecting the implementation of transparent financial accounting practices in UNILAG.

  3. To assess the impact of transparent financial accounting on stakeholder trust and institutional credibility.

Research Questions

  1. How does financial accounting enhance transparency at the University of Lagos?

  2. What challenges hinder the implementation of effective financial accounting practices in UNILAG?

  3. What is the impact of transparent financial accounting on stakeholder trust and institutional credibility?

Research Hypotheses

  1. Financial accounting significantly enhances transparency in the University of Lagos.

  2. Challenges in implementing financial accounting practices negatively affect transparency at UNILAG.

  3. Transparent financial accounting positively impacts stakeholder trust and institutional credibility at UNILAG.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study focuses on financial accounting practices at the University of Lagos from 2015 to 2025, examining their role in promoting transparency and accountability. Data is gathered from financial reports, audits, and interviews with stakeholders. Limitations include restricted access to confidential financial records and the potential for biased responses during interviews.

Definition of Terms

  • Financial Accounting: The process of recording, summarizing, and reporting financial transactions to ensure transparency and compliance.

  • Transparency: The practice of providing open and accurate financial information to stakeholders.

  • University of Lagos (UNILAG): A leading public university in Nigeria, known for its academic excellence and large student population.





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